The Sun has tremendous influence on the heliosphere and solar system planets including the Earth. Plasma temperature is around 6000 K in the solar photosphere, rises smoothly in the chromosphere and then abruptly increases up to 1 million K in the corona. Radiation and thermal conduction could lead to rapid cooling of chromospheric and coronal plasmas over several tens of hours without external heating sources. This is a long standing coronal heating problem. Sufficient energy, which may compensate radiative and conductive losses, is located in the photosphere as mechanical motions of granules, but it needs to be transported upwards and dissipated there leading to the plasma heating. These processes of energy transport and dissipation are not yet clearly understood. Understanding of these processes require detailed investigation using observations and theory. 

Flows are essential building blocks of the solar atmosphere. They may carry mass/energy from the lower chromosphere into the solar corona and might compensate the mass (energy) loss by the solar wind (radiation). Observations show that high speed chromospheric jets, namely type II spicules, rapidly disappear from chromospheric spectral lines (over < 1 min). The rapid disappearance is not yet explained. It can be caused either fast heating or rapid destroy of jets by some instability. The main goal of the project is to study the instability of jets in the solar atmospheric conditions. Main objectives of the project include: 1) theoretical modelling of jets (task 1, the goal is to perform the analytical/numerical study to explore the instability of jets with consequent heating and turbulent state), 2)  the analysis of existed observations of solar atmospheric jets in order to search their heating and turbulent state (task 2, the observational data was obtained by Swedish Solar Telescope on La Palma).  Expected results of the project will push forward the field of solar physics.

The project will run for three years. The project core team consists of two experienced and two young scientists. The core team members are experts in data analysis (one experienced and one young scientists) and in theoretical modelling (one experienced and one young scientist).